Atopic Dermatitis: Symptoms, Triggers, and Treatment Options

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that most commonly affects children, although it can also occur in adults. Dr. Gabriela Pabón, dermatologist, explains that this condition often begins in the first months or years of life but is not limited to childhood.

“Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition. The most common symptom is intense itching, which often affects sleep and the patient’s overall quality of life,” she explains.

In addition to itching, patients frequently develop red, scaly skin lesions. When the condition persists for years, the skin may become thicker due to ongoing inflammation and repeated scratching.

Triggers That Worsen Atopic Dermatitis

Several factors can aggravate atopic dermatitis symptoms. Common triggers include fragrances or perfumes, heat, sweating, cold weather, and stress. Certain rough fabrics may irritate the skin, and even rubbing the skin with a towel after bathing can worsen inflammation.

Identifying personal triggers is essential in developing a daily routine that helps manage flare-ups and prevent symptom progression.

Dr. Pabón recommends keeping showers short, between five and ten minutes, and using lukewarm water instead of hot water. “The first two to three minutes after getting out of the shower are crucial for moisturizing the skin,” she explains. Gently patting the skin dry and immediately applying a moisturizer in the form of an ointment or cream can help reduce itching and inflammation. Lotions, being lighter, may not provide sufficient hydration.

Treatment Options for Atopic Dermatitis

When skin lesions persist or do not improve with basic measures such as petroleum jelly or over-the-counter creams, medical evaluation is recommended.

There are multiple treatment options available for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. These include oral medications and injectable therapies, such as biologic treatments like dupilumab and other specialty medications that target the inflammatory pathways involved in the condition.

Through Alivia Specialty Pharmacy (ASP), a line of business of Alivia Health, comprehensive support is available for patients who require specialty therapies for atopic dermatitis. The ASP team coordinates specialty medications, provides guidance on proper use, assists with prior authorization processes, and ensures ongoing follow-up to facilitate timely access to prescribed treatment.

Although atopic dermatitis can be challenging, with proper diagnosis, trigger identification, and individualized treatment, symptoms can be effectively managed and quality of life significantly improved.